前些天本人選譯了EIA中關(guān)于福島改進(jìn)的部分內(nèi)容為進(jìn)一步了解專職小組的相關(guān)建議，本人選譯了《提高二十一世紀(jì)反應(yīng)堆安全的建議》概述，未經(jīng)授權(quán)，未經(jīng)譯審。本人承諾不將其用于商業(yè)目的，謹(jǐn)供同行參考使用。

博主微評(píng)：在該報(bào)告中NRC將福島事故改進(jìn)分為了近期可實(shí)施、中長(zhǎng)期實(shí)施等類型，是一種比較務(wù)實(shí)的做法。

Summary of NRC's Report "Enhancing Reactor Safety in the 21st Century"

NRC報(bào)告《提高二十一世紀(jì)反應(yīng)堆安全的建議》概述

By recommending a more “coherent regulatory framework for adequate protection that appropriately balances defense-in-depth and risk considerations,” the report recommends:

通過(guò)推薦一種更“關(guān)于適當(dāng)平衡縱深防御和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)考慮所采取的充分保護(hù)的連續(xù)監(jiān)管框架，”該報(bào)告建議：

•Requiring plants to reevaluate and upgrade as necessary their design-basis seismic and flooding protection of structures, systems and components for each operating reactor and reconfirm that design basis every 10 years;

•要求工廠重新審視和必要時(shí)升級(jí)每一座在運(yùn)反應(yīng)堆的設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)地震和防洪的結(jié)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)和部件（SSCs），并每10年再次確認(rèn)設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)；

•Strengthening Station Black Out (SBO) mitigation capability for existing and new reactors for design-basis and beyond-design-basis natural events – such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes or tsunamis – with a rule to set minimum coping time without offsite or onsite AC power at 8 hours; establishing equipment, procedures and training to keep the core and spent fuel pool cool at least 72 hours; and preplanning and pre-staging offsite resources to be delivered to the site to support uninterrupted core and pool cooling and coolant system and containment integrity as needed;

•加強(qiáng)在運(yùn)反應(yīng)堆和新反應(yīng)堆因設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)和超設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)事件而產(chǎn)生全廠失電（SBO）的緩解能力——如洪水、颶風(fēng)、地震、龍卷風(fēng)或海嘯——采取一種規(guī)則以設(shè)定喪失8小時(shí)場(chǎng)外或廠內(nèi)交流電源所需用的最小應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)間，建立設(shè)備、程序和培訓(xùn)以保持堆芯和乏燃料水池至少72小時(shí)的冷卻；建立前期計(jì)劃并分階段的可運(yùn)抵廠址的場(chǎng)外資源以支持不間斷的堆芯和乏燃料水池冷卻、冷卻系統(tǒng)和安全殼的完整性的需要；

•Requiring that facility emergency plans address prolonged station blackouts and events involving multiple reactors;

•要求設(shè)施應(yīng)急計(jì)劃能夠處理長(zhǎng)期全廠失電和涉及多座反應(yīng)堆的事故；

•Requiring additional instrumentation and seismically protected systems to provide additional cooling water to spent fuel pools if necessary; and requiring at least one system of electrical power to operate spent fuel pool instrumentation and pumps at all times. The Task Force noted it will take some time for a full understanding of the sequence of events and condition of the spent fuel pools. The report said based on information available to date the two most cogent insights related to the availability of pool instrumentation and the plant’s capability for cooling and water inventory management;

•要求如果必要，增加儀器和地震保護(hù)系統(tǒng)以向乏燃料水池提供額外的冷卻水，并且至少需要電源系統(tǒng)中有一路來(lái)在任何時(shí)刻維持乏燃料水池儀表和泵運(yùn)行。專責(zé)小組指出，充分認(rèn)識(shí)乏燃料池的事件和狀態(tài)序列需要一些時(shí)間。報(bào)告說(shuō)，采取電廠冷卻和水存量管理方法是識(shí)別電廠容量和（冷卻）水池儀表有效性相關(guān)的的兩個(gè)最有說(shuō)服力的見(jiàn)解。

•Requiring reliable hardened vent designs in boiling water reactors (BWRs) with Mark I and Mark II containments;

•要求采用馬克I和馬克II型安全殼的沸水反應(yīng)堆采取可靠的硬排氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；

•Strengthening and integrating onsite emergency response capabilities such as emergency operating procedures, severe accident management guidelines and extensive damage mitigation guidelines;

•加強(qiáng)和整合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)急反應(yīng)能力，如應(yīng)急操作規(guī)程、嚴(yán)重事故管理導(dǎo)則和廣泛的減災(zāi)指南；

•Identifying, as part of the longer term review, insights about hydrogen control and mitigation inside containment or in other buildings as more is learned about the Fukushima accident;

•作為長(zhǎng)期審查（行動(dòng)）的一部分，如同福島核事故所學(xué)（教訓(xùn)）一樣，識(shí)別對(duì)容器內(nèi)或其他建筑物內(nèi)的控制和削減氫氣（濃度）；

•Evaluating, as part of the longer term review, potential enhancements to prevent or mitigate seismically induced fires or floods;

•作為長(zhǎng)期審查（行動(dòng)）的一部分，評(píng)價(jià)防止或減輕地震引起的火災(zāi)或洪水的潛在強(qiáng)化（點(diǎn)）；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, additional emergency preparedness topics related to SBO and multiunit events;

•作為長(zhǎng)期審查的（行動(dòng)）一部分，追求針對(duì)全廠失電（SBO）和復(fù)合事件有關(guān)的額外的應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備重點(diǎn)；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, emergency preparedness topics on decision making, radiation monitoring and public education;

•作為長(zhǎng)期審查（行動(dòng)）的一部分，追求在決策、輻射監(jiān)督和公眾教育方面的應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備重點(diǎn)；

•Strengthened regulatory oversight of plant safety performance – the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process by which plants are monitored on a daily basis – by focusing more attention on defense-in-depth requirements.

•通過(guò)集中關(guān)注縱深防御要求的辦法，加強(qiáng)對(duì)電廠安全性能監(jiān)管者的監(jiān)督——NRC的反應(yīng)堆監(jiān)督過(guò)程是基于每天對(duì)電廠的監(jiān)督基礎(chǔ)上。

The report also acknowledged work on flooding and seismic issues under way at the NRC before the March 11 Fukushima event. The short-term review will be followed by a longer term review with a report with recommendations

該報(bào)告還確認(rèn)在3.11福島事故前NRC在洪水和地震問(wèn)題所做的工作。短期審查之后會(huì)有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的檢討與建議的報(bào)告。

美國(guó)核電福島改進(jìn)行動(dòng)：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_55e07e640101j5md.html。