前些天本人選譯了EIA中關于福島改進的部分內(nèi)容為進一步了解專職小組的相關建議，本人選譯了《提高二十一世紀反應堆安全的建議》概述，未經(jīng)授權，未經(jīng)譯審。本人承諾不將其用于商業(yè)目的，謹供同行參考使用。

博主微評：在該報告中NRC將福島事故改進分為了近期可實施、中長期實施等類型，是一種比較務實的做法。

Summary of NRC's Report "Enhancing Reactor Safety in the 21st Century"

NRC報告《提高二十一世紀反應堆安全的建議》概述

By recommending a more “coherent regulatory framework for adequate protection that appropriately balances defense-in-depth and risk considerations,” the report recommends:

通過推薦一種更“關于適當平衡縱深防御和風險考慮所采取的充分保護的連續(xù)監(jiān)管框架，”該報告建議：

•Requiring plants to reevaluate and upgrade as necessary their design-basis seismic and flooding protection of structures, systems and components for each operating reactor and reconfirm that design basis every 10 years;

•要求工廠重新審視和必要時升級每一座在運反應堆的設計基準地震和防洪的結構、系統(tǒng)和部件（SSCs），并每10年再次確認設計基準；

•Strengthening Station Black Out (SBO) mitigation capability for existing and new reactors for design-basis and beyond-design-basis natural events – such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes or tsunamis – with a rule to set minimum coping time without offsite or onsite AC power at 8 hours; establishing equipment, procedures and training to keep the core and spent fuel pool cool at least 72 hours; and preplanning and pre-staging offsite resources to be delivered to the site to support uninterrupted core and pool cooling and coolant system and containment integrity as needed;

•加強在運反應堆和新反應堆因設計基準和超設計基準事件而產(chǎn)生全廠失電（SBO）的緩解能力——如洪水、颶風、地震、龍卷風或海嘯——采取一種規(guī)則以設定喪失8小時場外或廠內(nèi)交流電源所需用的最小應對時間，建立設備、程序和培訓以保持堆芯和乏燃料水池至少72小時的冷卻；建立前期計劃并分階段的可運抵廠址的場外資源以支持不間斷的堆芯和乏燃料水池冷卻、冷卻系統(tǒng)和安全殼的完整性的需要；

•Requiring that facility emergency plans address prolonged station blackouts and events involving multiple reactors;

•要求設施應急計劃能夠處理長期全廠失電和涉及多座反應堆的事故；

•Requiring additional instrumentation and seismically protected systems to provide additional cooling water to spent fuel pools if necessary; and requiring at least one system of electrical power to operate spent fuel pool instrumentation and pumps at all times. The Task Force noted it will take some time for a full understanding of the sequence of events and condition of the spent fuel pools. The report said based on information available to date the two most cogent insights related to the availability of pool instrumentation and the plant’s capability for cooling and water inventory management;

•要求如果必要，增加儀器和地震保護系統(tǒng)以向乏燃料水池提供額外的冷卻水，并且至少需要電源系統(tǒng)中有一路來在任何時刻維持乏燃料水池儀表和泵運行。專責小組指出，充分認識乏燃料池的事件和狀態(tài)序列需要一些時間。報告說，采取電廠冷卻和水存量管理方法是識別電廠容量和（冷卻）水池儀表有效性相關的的兩個最有說服力的見解。

•Requiring reliable hardened vent designs in boiling water reactors (BWRs) with Mark I and Mark II containments;

•要求采用馬克I和馬克II型安全殼的沸水反應堆采取可靠的硬排氣系統(tǒng)設計；

•Strengthening and integrating onsite emergency response capabilities such as emergency operating procedures, severe accident management guidelines and extensive damage mitigation guidelines;

•加強和整合現(xiàn)場應急反應能力，如應急操作規(guī)程、嚴重事故管理導則和廣泛的減災指南；

•Identifying, as part of the longer term review, insights about hydrogen control and mitigation inside containment or in other buildings as more is learned about the Fukushima accident;

•作為長期審查（行動）的一部分，如同福島核事故所學（教訓）一樣，識別對容器內(nèi)或其他建筑物內(nèi)的控制和削減氫氣（濃度）；

•Evaluating, as part of the longer term review, potential enhancements to prevent or mitigate seismically induced fires or floods;

•作為長期審查（行動）的一部分，評價防止或減輕地震引起的火災或洪水的潛在強化（點）；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, additional emergency preparedness topics related to SBO and multiunit events;

•作為長期審查的（行動）一部分，追求針對全廠失電（SBO）和復合事件有關的額外的應急準備重點；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, emergency preparedness topics on decision making, radiation monitoring and public education;

•作為長期審查（行動）的一部分，追求在決策、輻射監(jiān)督和公眾教育方面的應急準備重點；

•Strengthened regulatory oversight of plant safety performance – the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process by which plants are monitored on a daily basis – by focusing more attention on defense-in-depth requirements.

•通過集中關注縱深防御要求的辦法，加強對電廠安全性能監(jiān)管者的監(jiān)督——NRC的反應堆監(jiān)督過程是基于每天對電廠的監(jiān)督基礎上。

The report also acknowledged work on flooding and seismic issues under way at the NRC before the March 11 Fukushima event. The short-term review will be followed by a longer term review with a report with recommendations

該報告還確認在3.11福島事故前NRC在洪水和地震問題所做的工作。短期審查之后會有一個長期的檢討與建議的報告。

美國核電福島改進行動：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_55e07e640101j5md.html。